Resumen
ANTECEDENTES: Las principales guías clínicas para el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) infantojuvenil se basan en metaanálisis que se han podido quedar obsoletos ante el gran número de publicaciones sobre el tema en los últimos años. OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión sistemática de los metaanálisis más recientes sobre la eficacia de las terapias psicológicas o farmacológicas para el TEPT infantojuvenil. MÉTODO: Se realizaron búsquedas de metaanálisis publicados entre 2020-2024 en las bases de datos bibliográficas PsycINFO, PTSDpubs y MEDLINE. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 15 metaanálisis, todos ellos sobre la eficacia de las terapias psicológicas y ninguno sobre las farmacológicas. Sus resultados respecto a las reducciones en sintomatología de estrés postraumático obtenidas con las distintas terapias y su comparación con las obtenidas en las condiciones control de lista de espera o activas (p. ej., tratamiento habitual, psicoeducación), permiten confirmar que existen tratamientos eficaces para el TEPT infantojuvenil y que estos son psicológicos. CONCLUSIONES: Actualmente, el tratamiento de primera elección para el TEPT infantojuvenil es la terapia cognitivo-conductual centrada en el trauma (TCC-CT) en cualquiera de sus versiones, situándose la terapia de EMDR como la mejor alternativa entre los de segunda elección.
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