Resumen
Antecedentes: La exposición parental a experiencias adversas en la infancia (EAI) se asocia a un mayor riesgo de sufrir adversidad en los hijos. En niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), la mayor susceptibilidad ante eventos disruptivos hace que su impacto pueda intensificarse, relevándolo como un tema de interés para la intervención psicológica. Objetivo: Sintetizar la literatura sobre la transmisión intergeneracional del riesgo de sufrir EAI en padres con hijos diagnosticados con TEA. Método: Se realizó una revisión de alcance en Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed y ProQuest Central. Se incluyeron 4 artículos publicados en revistas de alto impacto y una tesis doctoral (2021-2023). Resultados: Los 13 temas abordados incluyeron factores de riesgo distales, como adversidad infantil en padres de niños con TEA; factores de riesgo proximales, como violencia de pareja en la gestación; factores protectores como baja o ausente adversidad infantil parental (distal) y ausencia de violencia de pareja en etapa de gestación (proximal); y mecanismos de continuidad intergeneracional de la adversidad. Conclusión: Preliminarmente, los hallazgos destacan una asociación entre EAI parentales y el diagnóstico de TEA en los hijos, así como diversos factores que contribuyen a la reproducción de patrones de riesgo en la siguiente generación.
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